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消防英文:危险物品(Hazardous Materials)

慧聪消防网 https://fire.hczyw.com 2016-09-12 08:40 出处:36safety 作者:史明原编辑:@iCMS
慧聪消防网讯2016中国消防安全产业大会(CFIC2016)注册报名 危险物品(HazardousMaterials)

慧聪消防网讯2016中国消防安全产业大会(CFIC2016)注册报名

危险物品(HazardousMaterials)

说明:

Chemicalsarefoundeverywhere.Theypurifydrinkingwater,increasecropproduction,andsimplifyhouseholdchores.Butchemicalsalsocanbehazardoustohumansortheenvironmentifusedorreleasedimproperly.Hazardscanoccurduringproduction,storage,transportation,use,ordisposal.Youandyourcommunityareatriskifachemicalisusedunsafelyorreleasedinharmfulamountsintotheenvironmentwhereyoulive,

work,orplay.

(化学物品可以在任何地方出现,这些物品可以净化水质、增加农作物生产、简化家事等。但是化学物品如果使用或释放不当,也可能对人体或环境造成危害。危害可能在制造、储存、运送、使用或丢弃的过程中发生。假如化学物品未被安全使用或释放危险的量到你居住、工作或游憩的环境里时,你和你的小区都可能有危险。)

Hazardousmaterialsinvariousformscancausedeath,seriousinjury,long-lastinghealtheffects,anddamagetobuildings,homes,andotherproperty.Manyproductscontaininghazardouschemicalsareusedandstoredinhomesroutinely.Theseproductsarealso

shippeddailyonthenation’shighways,railroads,waterways,andpipelines.

(不同形式的危险物品可能造成死亡、严重伤害、长期影响健康,并对建筑物、居家及其它财产造成损害。许多含有危险化学物质的产品经常在家庭中使用或储存。这些产品也透过国际间的高速公路、铁路、水道及管线来输送。)

Chemicalmanufacturersareonesourceofhazardousmaterials,buttherearemanyothers,includingservicestations,hospitals,andhazardousmaterialswastesites.

(化学物品的制造商是危险物品的来源之一,但是还有许多其它来源,像是服务站、医院及危险物品废弃处理场所。)

Varyingquantitiesofhazardousmaterialsaremanufactured,used,orstoredatanestimated4.5millionfacilitiesintheUnitedStates--frommajorindustrialplantstolocaldrycleaningestablishmentsorgardeningsupplystores.

(美国目前大约有4百50万设施制造、使用及储存不同数量的危险物品,从主要的工厂到地方的干洗店或园艺补给店。)

Hazardousmaterialscomeintheformofexplosives,flammableandcombustible

substances,poisons,andradioactivematerials.Thesesubstancesaremostoftenreleasedasaresultoftransportationaccidentsorbecauseofchemicalaccidentsinplants.

(危险物品可以以爆炸物、易燃与可燃性物质、毒药及放射性物质等形式呈现。这些物质最常因为运输事故意外或工厂化学物品意外而外泄。)

WhattodoDuringaHazardousMaterialsIncident?

(危险物品意外发生时,该如何处置?)

Listentolocalradioortelevisionstationsfordetailedinformationandinstructions.Followtheinstructionscarefully.Youshouldstayawayfromtheareatominimizetheriskofcontamination.Rememberthatsometoxicchemicalsareodorless.

(收听当地的收音机或收看电视以获得最新的信息及指示。小心地遵循指示。你应该远离这些区域,以减少受污染的风险。记得有些有毒的化学物品是没有臭味的。)

Ifyouare:(假如你)

Askedtoevacuate(被要求撤离)

--Dosoimmediately.(请立即这样做。)

--Staytunedtoaradioortelevisionforinformationonevacuationroutes,temporaryshelters,andprocedures.

(持续收听收音机或收看电视以获得撤离的路线、临时避难所及撤离程序。)

--Followtheroutesrecommendedbytheauthorities--shortcutsmaynotbesafe.Leaveatonce.

(遵循有关单位所建议之撤离路线,快捷方式不一定安全,应该立即离开。)

--Ifyouhavetime,minimizecontaminationinthehousebyclosingallwindows,shutting

allvents,andturningoffatticfans.

(假如你有时间的话,关闭所有窗户、通风口及阁楼风扇,以减少污染。)

--Takepre-assembleddisastersupplies.

(带走预先准备好的紧急补给品。)

--Remembertohelpyourneighborswhomayrequirespecialassistance--infants,elderlypeopleandpeoplewithdisabilities.

(记得帮助你可能需要特别协助的邻居,像是婴儿、老人或行动不便的人。)

WhattodoDuringaHazardousMaterialsIncident?

(危险物品意外发生时,该如何处置?)

Ifyouare:(假如你正在)

●CaughtOutside(户外)

--Stayupstream,uphill,andupwind!Ingeneral,trytogoatleastone-halfmile

(usually8-10cityblocks)fromthedangerarea.Moveawayfromtheaccidentsceneandhelpkeepothersaway.

(留在上游、山上及上风处。一般来说,试着远离危险区域至少半哩处。离开事故的现场,并协助禁止其它人进入该区域。)

--Donotwalkintoortouchanyspilledliquids,airbornemists,orcondensedsolid

chemicaldeposits.Trynottoinhalegases,fumesandsmoke.Ifpossible,covermouthwithaclothwhileleavingthearea.

(不要走入或触摸任何溅出的液体、空气中的薄雾或浓缩的固态化学沈淀物。试着不要去吸入气体、烟雾及浓烟。可以的话,在离开危险区域时以衣物盖住嘴巴。)

--Stayawayfromaccidentvictimsuntilthehazardousmaterialhasbeenidentified.

(远离意外事故的受害者,直到危险物品已经被辨识出来。)

●Inamotorvehicle(在汽车内)

--Stopandseekshelterinapermanentbuilding.Ifyoumustremaininyourcar,keepcarwindowsandventsclosedandshutofftheairconditionerandheater.(停车并在固定性的建筑物内寻找避难场所。假如你必须留在你的车内,保持车窗及通风口关闭,并关闭空调及暖气。)

WhattodoDuringaHazardousMaterialsIncident?(危险物品意外发生时,该如何处置?)

●Requestedtostayindoors.(被要求留在室内时)

--Bringpetsinside.(带着宠物进入屋内。)

--Closeandlockallexteriordoorsandwindows.Closevents,fireplacedampers,andasmanyinteriordoorsaspossible.

(关闭并锁上所有外部的门窗。关上通风口、壁炉风门及所有外部的门。)

--Turnoffairconditionersandventilationsystems.Inlargebuildings,set

ventilationsystemsto100percentrecirculationsothatnooutsideairisdrawnintothebuilding.Ifthisisnotpossible,ventilationsystemsshouldbeturnedoff.

(关上空调和通风系统。在大型的建筑物内,设定通风系统在百分之百重新循环,让外面的空气不会被吸入室内。假如这样没有办法做到,通风系统应该关闭。)

--Gointothepre-selectedshelterroom.Thisroomshouldbeaboveground

andhavethefewestopeningstotheoutside.

(进入事前预先准备的避难室。这避难室应该在地面上,并有最少的进出口。)

--Sealgapsunderdoorwaysandwindowswithwettowelsorplasticsheetingandducttape.

(用湿毛巾或塑料被单及管道带将门道及窗户下方的间隙封上。)

--Sealgapsaroundwindowandairconditioningunits,bathroomandkitchen

exhaustfans,andstoveanddryerventswithducttapeandplasticsheeting,waxpaperoraluminumwrap.

(用管道带、塑料被单、蜡纸或锡箔纸封上窗户、空调设备、浴室和厨房排气扇、炉具和干燥机通风口周边的间隙。)

--Usematerialtofillcracksandholesintheroom,suchasthosearoundpipes.(使用一些东西把房间的裂缝及破洞填满,像是用来填补水管的东西。)

--Ifgasorvaporscouldhaveenteredthebuilding,takeshallowbreathsthrougha

clothoratowel.Avoideatingordrinkinganyfoodorwaterthatmaybecontaminated.

(假如气体或蒸汽可能进入建筑物内,透过衣物或毛巾浅呼吸。避免吃进或喝进任何可能被污染食物或水。)

●ShelterSafetyforSealedRooms.(密闭房间的避难安全事项)

--Tensquarefeetoffloorspaceperpersonwillprovidesufficientairtopreventcarbondioxidebuild-upforuptofivehours,assuminganormalbreathingratewhileresting.(假设在正常休息的呼吸速率下,每个人10平方英呎的地板空间可以提供足够5个小时以上的空气,以避免二氧化碳堆积。)

--However,localofficialsareunlikelytorecommendthepublicshelterinasealedroom

formorethan2-3hoursbecausetheeffectivenessofsuchshelteringdiminisheswith

timeasthecontaminatedoutsideairgraduallyseepsintotheshelter.Atthispoint,

evacuationfromtheareaisthebetterprotectiveactiontotake.

(然而,当地的官员不太可能建议民众在密闭的房间内避难超过2-3个小时,因为这样避难的效能会随着时间而减少,当受污染的空气逐渐地渗入避难所时。在这个时候,从这个区域撤离可能会是比较好的保护方式。)

--Alsoyoushouldventilatetheshelterwhentheemergencyhaspassedtoavoid

breathingcontaminatedairstillinsidetheshelter.

(当紧急状况已经通过时,你也应该让避难所通风,以避免吸入仍留在避难所内受污染的空气。)

WhattodoAfteraHazardousMaterialsIncident?(危险物品意外事故发生之后,应该如何处置?)

Thefollowingareguidelinesfortheperiodfollowingahazardousmaterialsincident:

(下列是在危险物品意外事故发生后一些注意处置事项:)

●Returnhomeonlywhenauthoritiessayitissafe.Openwindowsandvents

andturnonfanstoprovideventilation.

(只有在当局相关人员指示已经安全的情况,才能回到家中。打开窗户和通风口,并开启电风扇以提供通风。)

●Actquicklyifyouhavecomeintocontactwithorhavebeenexposedtohazardouschemicals.Dothefollowing:

(假如你进来后接触到或暴露在危险化学物质下,迅速采取行动。依照下列的方式:)

--Followdecontaminationinstructionsfromlocalauthorities.Youmaybeadvisedtotakeathoroughshower,oryoumaybeadvisedtostayawayfromwaterandfollowanotherprocedure.

(遵循当地官方人员指示除污染动作。你可能被建议去淋浴或远离水源或采取其它的程序。)

--Seekmedicaltreatmentforunusualsymptomsassoonaspossible.

(如有不寻常症状,尽速寻求医疗协助。)

--Placeexposedclothingandshoesintightlysealedcontainers.Donotallowthemtocontactothermaterials.Calllocalauthoritiestofindoutaboutproperdisposal.

(置放受污染的衣物和鞋子在一个紧密密封的容器里。不要让这些衣物鞋子接触到其它的物品。联络当地主管单位了解如何处置。)

--Adviseeveryonewhocomesintocontactwithyouthatyoumayhavebeenexposedtoatoxicsubstance.

(告知任何与你接触的人,你自己可能已经暴露在有毒的物质中。)

●Findoutfromlocalauthoritieshowtocleanupyourlandandproperty.

(寻求当地主管单位如何清理你的家园和财产。)

●Reportanylingeringvaporsorotherhazardstoyourlocalemergencyservicesoffice.

(发现任何滞留不去的烟雾或危害,向你的当地紧急处置单位回报。)

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