慧聪消防网讯2016中国消防安全产业大会(CFIC2016)注册报名
危险物品(HazardousMaterials)
说明:
Chemicalsarefoundeverywhere.Theypurifydrinkingwater,increasecropproduction,andsimplifyhouseholdchores.Butchemicalsalsocanbehazardoustohumansortheenvironmentifusedorreleasedimproperly.Hazardscanoccurduringproduction,storage,transportation,use,ordisposal.Youandyourcommunityareatriskifachemicalisusedunsafelyorreleasedinharmfulamountsintotheenvironmentwhereyoulive,
work,orplay.
(化学物品可以在任何地方出现,这些物品可以净化水质、增加农作物生产、简化家事等。但是化学物品如果使用或释放不当,也可能对人体或环境造成危害。危害可能在制造、储存、运送、使用或丢弃的过程中发生。假如化学物品未被安全使用或释放危险的量到你居住、工作或游憩的环境里时,你和你的小区都可能有危险。)
Hazardousmaterialsinvariousformscancausedeath,seriousinjury,long-lastinghealtheffects,anddamagetobuildings,homes,andotherproperty.Manyproductscontaininghazardouschemicalsareusedandstoredinhomesroutinely.Theseproductsarealso
shippeddailyonthenation’shighways,railroads,waterways,andpipelines.
(不同形式的危险物品可能造成死亡、严重伤害、长期影响健康,并对建筑物、居家及其它财产造成损害。许多含有危险化学物质的产品经常在家庭中使用或储存。这些产品也透过国际间的高速公路、铁路、水道及管线来输送。)
Chemicalmanufacturersareonesourceofhazardousmaterials,buttherearemanyothers,includingservicestations,hospitals,andhazardousmaterialswastesites.
(化学物品的制造商是危险物品的来源之一,但是还有许多其它来源,像是服务站、医院及危险物品废弃处理场所。)
Varyingquantitiesofhazardousmaterialsaremanufactured,used,orstoredatanestimated4.5millionfacilitiesintheUnitedStates--frommajorindustrialplantstolocaldrycleaningestablishmentsorgardeningsupplystores.
(美国目前大约有4百50万设施制造、使用及储存不同数量的危险物品,从主要的工厂到地方的干洗店或园艺补给店。)
Hazardousmaterialscomeintheformofexplosives,flammableandcombustible
substances,poisons,andradioactivematerials.Thesesubstancesaremostoftenreleasedasaresultoftransportationaccidentsorbecauseofchemicalaccidentsinplants.
(危险物品可以以爆炸物、易燃与可燃性物质、毒药及放射性物质等形式呈现。这些物质最常因为运输事故意外或工厂化学物品意外而外泄。)
WhattodoDuringaHazardousMaterialsIncident?
(危险物品意外发生时,该如何处置?)
Listentolocalradioortelevisionstationsfordetailedinformationandinstructions.Followtheinstructionscarefully.Youshouldstayawayfromtheareatominimizetheriskofcontamination.Rememberthatsometoxicchemicalsareodorless.
(收听当地的收音机或收看电视以获得最新的信息及指示。小心地遵循指示。你应该远离这些区域,以减少受污染的风险。记得有些有毒的化学物品是没有臭味的。)
Ifyouare:(假如你)
Askedtoevacuate(被要求撤离)
--Dosoimmediately.(请立即这样做。)
--Staytunedtoaradioortelevisionforinformationonevacuationroutes,temporaryshelters,andprocedures.
(持续收听收音机或收看电视以获得撤离的路线、临时避难所及撤离程序。)
--Followtheroutesrecommendedbytheauthorities--shortcutsmaynotbesafe.Leaveatonce.
(遵循有关单位所建议之撤离路线,快捷方式不一定安全,应该立即离开。)
--Ifyouhavetime,minimizecontaminationinthehousebyclosingallwindows,shutting
allvents,andturningoffatticfans.
(假如你有时间的话,关闭所有窗户、通风口及阁楼风扇,以减少污染。)
--Takepre-assembleddisastersupplies.
(带走预先准备好的紧急补给品。)
--Remembertohelpyourneighborswhomayrequirespecialassistance--infants,elderlypeopleandpeoplewithdisabilities.
(记得帮助你可能需要特别协助的邻居,像是婴儿、老人或行动不便的人。)
WhattodoDuringaHazardousMaterialsIncident?
(危险物品意外发生时,该如何处置?)
Ifyouare:(假如你正在)
●CaughtOutside(户外)
--Stayupstream,uphill,andupwind!Ingeneral,trytogoatleastone-halfmile
(usually8-10cityblocks)fromthedangerarea.Moveawayfromtheaccidentsceneandhelpkeepothersaway.
(留在上游、山上及上风处。一般来说,试着远离危险区域至少半哩处。离开事故的现场,并协助禁止其它人进入该区域。)
--Donotwalkintoortouchanyspilledliquids,airbornemists,orcondensedsolid
chemicaldeposits.Trynottoinhalegases,fumesandsmoke.Ifpossible,covermouthwithaclothwhileleavingthearea.
(不要走入或触摸任何溅出的液体、空气中的薄雾或浓缩的固态化学沈淀物。试着不要去吸入气体、烟雾及浓烟。可以的话,在离开危险区域时以衣物盖住嘴巴。)
--Stayawayfromaccidentvictimsuntilthehazardousmaterialhasbeenidentified.
(远离意外事故的受害者,直到危险物品已经被辨识出来。)
●Inamotorvehicle(在汽车内)
--Stopandseekshelterinapermanentbuilding.Ifyoumustremaininyourcar,keepcarwindowsandventsclosedandshutofftheairconditionerandheater.(停车并在固定性的建筑物内寻找避难场所。假如你必须留在你的车内,保持车窗及通风口关闭,并关闭空调及暖气。)
WhattodoDuringaHazardousMaterialsIncident?(危险物品意外发生时,该如何处置?)
●Requestedtostayindoors.(被要求留在室内时)
--Bringpetsinside.(带着宠物进入屋内。)
--Closeandlockallexteriordoorsandwindows.Closevents,fireplacedampers,andasmanyinteriordoorsaspossible.
(关闭并锁上所有外部的门窗。关上通风口、壁炉风门及所有外部的门。)
--Turnoffairconditionersandventilationsystems.Inlargebuildings,set
ventilationsystemsto100percentrecirculationsothatnooutsideairisdrawnintothebuilding.Ifthisisnotpossible,ventilationsystemsshouldbeturnedoff.
(关上空调和通风系统。在大型的建筑物内,设定通风系统在百分之百重新循环,让外面的空气不会被吸入室内。假如这样没有办法做到,通风系统应该关闭。)
--Gointothepre-selectedshelterroom.Thisroomshouldbeaboveground
andhavethefewestopeningstotheoutside.
(进入事前预先准备的避难室。这避难室应该在地面上,并有最少的进出口。)
--Sealgapsunderdoorwaysandwindowswithwettowelsorplasticsheetingandducttape.
(用湿毛巾或塑料被单及管道带将门道及窗户下方的间隙封上。)
--Sealgapsaroundwindowandairconditioningunits,bathroomandkitchen
exhaustfans,andstoveanddryerventswithducttapeandplasticsheeting,waxpaperoraluminumwrap.
(用管道带、塑料被单、蜡纸或锡箔纸封上窗户、空调设备、浴室和厨房排气扇、炉具和干燥机通风口周边的间隙。)
--Usematerialtofillcracksandholesintheroom,suchasthosearoundpipes.(使用一些东西把房间的裂缝及破洞填满,像是用来填补水管的东西。)
--Ifgasorvaporscouldhaveenteredthebuilding,takeshallowbreathsthrougha
clothoratowel.Avoideatingordrinkinganyfoodorwaterthatmaybecontaminated.
(假如气体或蒸汽可能进入建筑物内,透过衣物或毛巾浅呼吸。避免吃进或喝进任何可能被污染食物或水。)
●ShelterSafetyforSealedRooms.(密闭房间的避难安全事项)
--Tensquarefeetoffloorspaceperpersonwillprovidesufficientairtopreventcarbondioxidebuild-upforuptofivehours,assuminganormalbreathingratewhileresting.(假设在正常休息的呼吸速率下,每个人10平方英呎的地板空间可以提供足够5个小时以上的空气,以避免二氧化碳堆积。)
--However,localofficialsareunlikelytorecommendthepublicshelterinasealedroom
formorethan2-3hoursbecausetheeffectivenessofsuchshelteringdiminisheswith
timeasthecontaminatedoutsideairgraduallyseepsintotheshelter.Atthispoint,
evacuationfromtheareaisthebetterprotectiveactiontotake.
(然而,当地的官员不太可能建议民众在密闭的房间内避难超过2-3个小时,因为这样避难的效能会随着时间而减少,当受污染的空气逐渐地渗入避难所时。在这个时候,从这个区域撤离可能会是比较好的保护方式。)
--Alsoyoushouldventilatetheshelterwhentheemergencyhaspassedtoavoid
breathingcontaminatedairstillinsidetheshelter.
(当紧急状况已经通过时,你也应该让避难所通风,以避免吸入仍留在避难所内受污染的空气。)
WhattodoAfteraHazardousMaterialsIncident?(危险物品意外事故发生之后,应该如何处置?)
Thefollowingareguidelinesfortheperiodfollowingahazardousmaterialsincident:
(下列是在危险物品意外事故发生后一些注意处置事项:)
●Returnhomeonlywhenauthoritiessayitissafe.Openwindowsandvents
andturnonfanstoprovideventilation.
(只有在当局相关人员指示已经安全的情况,才能回到家中。打开窗户和通风口,并开启电风扇以提供通风。)
●Actquicklyifyouhavecomeintocontactwithorhavebeenexposedtohazardouschemicals.Dothefollowing:
(假如你进来后接触到或暴露在危险化学物质下,迅速采取行动。依照下列的方式:)
--Followdecontaminationinstructionsfromlocalauthorities.Youmaybeadvisedtotakeathoroughshower,oryoumaybeadvisedtostayawayfromwaterandfollowanotherprocedure.
(遵循当地官方人员指示除污染动作。你可能被建议去淋浴或远离水源或采取其它的程序。)
--Seekmedicaltreatmentforunusualsymptomsassoonaspossible.
(如有不寻常症状,尽速寻求医疗协助。)
--Placeexposedclothingandshoesintightlysealedcontainers.Donotallowthemtocontactothermaterials.Calllocalauthoritiestofindoutaboutproperdisposal.
(置放受污染的衣物和鞋子在一个紧密密封的容器里。不要让这些衣物鞋子接触到其它的物品。联络当地主管单位了解如何处置。)
--Adviseeveryonewhocomesintocontactwithyouthatyoumayhavebeenexposedtoatoxicsubstance.
(告知任何与你接触的人,你自己可能已经暴露在有毒的物质中。)
●Findoutfromlocalauthoritieshowtocleanupyourlandandproperty.
(寻求当地主管单位如何清理你的家园和财产。)
●Reportanylingeringvaporsorotherhazardstoyourlocalemergencyservicesoffice.
(发现任何滞留不去的烟雾或危害,向你的当地紧急处置单位回报。)
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